In the face of increasingly serious soil problems, it is the choice of many vegetable farmers to make use of the summer shed rest period. The stuffing can not only effectively alleviate the problems of dead trees and nematodes, but also deep ploughing the soil before the stuffing can break the bottom of the plow and improve the soil permeability. After the shed is stuffed, a large amount of biological bacteria can be supplemented, which can quickly increase the number of beneficial bacteria in the soil and improve the soil ecological environment.
1. Chemical stuffing sheds are preferred for high-incidence sheds of nematodes
At present, there are two main methods of stuffing sheds commonly used by vegetable farmers. One is to use chemical agents such as lime nitrogen and Weibaimu for chemical stuffing. Bacillus and other biological bacteria carry out biological suffocation. The two methods of stuffing sheds have their own advantages, and vegetable farmers should choose according to the soil conditions of their sheds.
If the damage of nematodes in the greenhouse soil is not serious, it is recommended to choose the method of biological stuffing, which can not only supplement the beneficial microorganisms in the soil, but also play a certain role in soil improvement.
When the nematodes in the soil are seriously infested, it is recommended to choose a chemical shed. After the chemical agent is decomposed, fumigation can kill nematodes in a short time, and quickly reduce the number of nematodes in the soil to the safe production range. In recent years, the problem of worms on vegetables in greenhouses has become increasingly serious, and many vegetable farmers choose chemical stuffing sheds.
2. Combination of chemical stuffing shed and high temperature stuffing shed
At present, there are many chemical stuffing agents on the market. For the same agent, some vegetable farmers have good effect after use, while others feel that the effect is not so good. In fact, old products such as lime nitrogen and Weibaimu can still have very good results as long as they are used correctly. Remind vegetable farmers that in order to improve the effect of chemical stuffing sheds, some details before and after stuffing sheds need to be paid special attention.
No matter which soil treatment agent is used, it is best to combine it with a high temperature and smoldering shed. After the vegetables are harvested, the vegetable farmers must thoroughly clean the garden, remove all the dead branches, fallen leaves, diseased fruits and diseased roots of the vegetables in the shed, burn them or bury them deeply. spread.
Although the previous vegetable seeds were pulled up, many pathogenic spores on the vegetables fell into the shed. After the vegetables are pulled, the pests have no place to stay, and they also hide in the cracks in the walls, on the pillars and other places. After the next crop of vegetables is planted, once the conditions are suitable, they will cause harm to the vegetables.
It is recommended that vegetable farmers spray the whole shed with fungicides such as abamectin mixed with sclerotium net after the land is completed, and the corners such as walls and columns should be sprayed. It is also possible to use chlorothalonil and other smokers to smoke the shed after closing the tuyere. Then, dry and stuffy for 5 to 7 days, and use a high temperature above 60°C to kill nematodes and germs within 5 cm of the shed wall, column, and surface.
3. Apply enough organic fertilizer before the shed and deep plough
Before the shed is stuffed, the organic fertilizer applied in the next crop, especially the organic fertilizer with high organic content and large amount such as rice husk manure, fresh chicken manure, cake fertilizer, straw, etc., is spread into the shed, and then the rotary cultivator with large gear is used to rotate it. Deep down.
Especially for the old shed, the rotary tiller with large gears has a larger rotary tiller, which is deeper than the conventional rotary tiller.
4. The airtight shed raises the ground temperature with the air temperature
When the shed is stuffy, the whole shed should be sealed, not only the door and the air vent should be tightly closed, but also the plastic film should be covered. Many vegetable farmers are not covered with plastic film, resulting in the soil temperature not reaching, affecting the effect of stuffy shed.
Taking root-knot nematodes as an example, root-knot nematodes can die in 10 minutes at 55°C. If the plastic film is not covered, although the temperature in the greenhouse can reach above 70°C, the temperature at 10 cm of the soil surface is only 50°C, and the temperature will decrease further down, making it difficult to achieve the effect of comprehensive sterilization and complete insecticidal effect. It is best to use a new film for the mulch covered by the greenhouse. If the old film is used, it must be repaired in advance to reduce the damage and improve the temperature.
5. Increase the temperature of the shed, and the time for the stuffy shed should be sufficient
The higher the shed temperature, the better the sterilization effect. It is best to choose a stuffy shed from late June to August. At this time, the light is strong and the rainy days are less, so it is most suitable for a high temperature stuffy shed. The selection of the specific date should choose a sunny day for more than 10 consecutive days to ensure sufficient sunlight and higher temperature in the shed.
In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to covering the thermal insulation quilt at night to improve the thermal insulation effect, reduce the heat loss at night, and increase the temperature in the shed in the later period.
6. Pay attention to the heating rate after flooding
Before the shed is stuffed, the vegetable farmers do deep ploughing of the soil, and then flood with water. Remind vegetable farmers not to close the shed to heat up immediately after watering, and allow sufficient time for microbial proliferation.
It is suggested that vegetable farmers should cover the shed with plastic film and close the ventilation openings for a few days after the soil humidity has decreased and the biological bacteria have multiplied, which can greatly improve the effect of the stuffy shed.
7. Be cautious when buying stuffy shed products
The issue of pesticide safety has always been a concern, so vegetable farmers should choose pesticides with clear and formal product labels when purchasing soil treatment agents. Before purchasing, check whether the pesticide product label is marked with the pesticide registration certificate number, pesticide production license or approval document number and pesticide standard certificate number. According to national regulations, only pesticides that have been reviewed and approved for registration can be produced, sold and used.
At the same time, you should also check the production date or production batch number and expiration date on the label. Do not buy products that have expired or do not have a production date and expiration date marked. Check that the label is complete and the ingredients are clear, and do not buy pesticides with incomplete labels or unclear active ingredients.
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