The popularization and application of traditional chemical fertilizers have played a key role in increasing agricultural production, but the long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizers not only wastes resources, but also brings about a series of problems such as soil compaction, acidification, environmental pollution and ecological balance damage, which have seriously threatened. The quality and safety of agricultural products and the safety of agro-ecological environment. In this context, new fertilizers that are environmentally friendly, efficient and ecologically safe have become a new favorite in the market.
Seaweed fertilizer has the functions of strong rooting, resistance to stress, cold resistance, resistance to continuous cropping, and enhancement of crop immunity. At the same time, it can activate microorganisms in the soil, improve fertilizer efficiency, and significantly improve crop yield and quality. Since its entry into the market, seaweed fertilizer has been favored by growers for its high-efficiency and environmentally friendly image, and has become one of the new fertilizer products with rapid development recently.
Raw materials and process determine the efficacy of seaweed fertilizer
The core functional substance of seaweed fertilizer is pure natural seaweed extract-alginic acid, which is rich in seaweed polysaccharides, phenolic polymer compounds, mannitol, betaine, plant growth regulators and other natural biological active substances required for crop growth and development. At the same time, it contains a large amount of organic matter, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iodine and more than 40 kinds of mineral elements and rich vitamins. This plant-derived seaweed extract has good affinity with crops and can be quickly absorbed and utilized by crops.
The key factors for the quality of seaweed fertilizer depend on the source of raw materials and the extraction process of active substances. However, in production, only through a special biological enzymatic hydrolysis process can the natural active ingredients in seaweed be retained, and then the effect of seaweed fertilizer can be exerted in agricultural production.
The real raw materials of seaweed fertilizer come from seaweed, which is only cultivated in coastal areas of the country. According to statistics, most of the domestic seaweed fertilizer production enterprises are located in coastal areas and have large-scale raw material production bases. However, in the extraction process, most domestic manufacturers use chemical methods such as strong acid and strong alkali, and most of them are degraded in a high temperature environment. This method destroys the activity of endogenous substances in seaweed and reduces the efficacy of seaweed fertilizer.
Due to technical barriers, most manufacturers currently do not have the ability to produce seaweed fertilizers and continue to grow. However, due to the high price of biological enzymes and the complexity of the enzymatic hydrolysis process, only a few domestic enterprises can master and use the relatively advanced biological enzymatic hydrolysis technology in the world.
Alginic acid can directly increase organic matter in soil or through plants, activate various beneficial microorganisms in soil, and can play a catalytic role in the cycle of plant and microbial metabolites, increasing the biological effectiveness of soil. Metabolites of soil microorganisms can provide more nutrients for plants. Alginic acid is a natural biological agent that works harmoniously with plant and soil ecosystems. The natural compounds it contains, such as sodium alginate, are natural soil conditioners, which can promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, improve the pore space inside the soil, coordinate the proportion of solid, liquid and gas in the soil, and restore the soil due to overburden and chemical The natural colloid balance lost by pollution increases soil biological activity, promotes the release of available nutrients, is conducive to root growth, and improves the stress resistance of crops.
In order to better improve the utilization rate of seaweed fertilizer, in addition to choosing good brands and types, you can also start from the following directions:
1. The spray concentration should be appropriate. Within a certain concentration range, the speed and quantity of nutrients entering the leaves increase with the increase of the solution concentration, but if the concentration is too high, fertilizer damage may occur, especially trace element fertilizers, generally large and medium elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur) The use concentration is 500 times to 600 times, and the use concentration of trace elements iron, manganese and zinc is 500 times to 1000 times.
2. The spraying time should be appropriate. When foliar fertilization, the longer the wet time, the more nutrients the leaves absorb, and the better the effect. Under normal circumstances, it is appropriate to keep the leaves moist for 30 minutes to 60 minutes. Therefore, foliar fertilization is best carried out in the evening when there is no wind; spraying fertilizer in the morning with dew will reduce the concentration of the solution and affect the effect of fertilization. Foliar topdressing cannot be carried out on rainy days or before rain, because nutrients are easily lost by leaching, and the desired effect cannot be achieved.
3. The spraying should be uniform, meticulous and thoughtful. Foliar fertilization requires small droplets and uniform spraying, with particular attention to spraying the vigorously growing upper leaves and the back of the leaves.
4. The number of sprays should not be too small, and there should be intervals. The concentration of foliar topdressing of crops is generally low, and the amount of absorption per time is very small, which is much lower than the demand of crops. Therefore, the number of foliar fertilization should generally not be less than 2 to 3 times. At the same time, the interval should be at least one week or more, and the number of spraying should not be too many to prevent harm.
5. The foliar fertilizer should be used properly. When foliar topdressing, mixing two or more foliar fertilizers reasonably can save spraying time and labor, and its yield increase effect will be more significant. China Bio-Organic Fertilizer Trading Network reminds you that the fertilizer must not have adverse reactions or reduce fertilizer efficiency after mixing, otherwise the purpose of mixing will not be achieved. In addition, pay attention to the concentration and pH of the solution when mixing fertilizers. Under normal circumstances, the pH value of the solution is around 7, which is conducive to leaf absorption under neutral conditions.
6. Add wetting agent to the fertilizer solution. Crop leaves have a layer of cuticle with different thicknesses, and it is difficult for the solution to penetrate. For this reason, an appropriate amount of wetting agent and surfactant can be added to the leaf fertilizer solution to increase the surface tension, increase the contact area with the leaves, and improve the leaves. The effect of top dressing.
Finally, two points must be highlighted.
1. According to the results of a large number of field experiments, the effect of foliar fertilization is more likely to appear under the stress of growth factors (nutrition, climate, water) on plants.
2. Root fertilization is a fundamental fertilization measure, and root fertilization is an auxiliary fertilization measure, which cannot be put upside down.
